Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(89) " infect contagious diseases into Spain and the remainder of Europe from Morocco, Africa\." Pull offing hazard has become an of all time more increasing issue in every field. Its significance depends really much on the context that we are working in. In the veterinarian sector control systems have been developed to protect the wellness of animate beings to guaranty their safe ingestion. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now What they are and how they work in Spain will be discussed in this assignment. Hazard Analysis ( RA ) , what for? By and large by Risk we understand a state of affairs or action, which has different results, and about one of these is negative and poses a menace ( 1 ) . When menaces are identified, they are analysed and dealt with in order to cut down and eventually extinguish them. RA is a procedure or technique used to mensurate the consequence of unknown menaces. There are four phases to specify the RA system: jeopardy designation, hazard appraisal, hazard direction and hazard communicating. This technique is used by a wide diverseness of administrations, private and governmental 1s ( NATO, FAO, WHO, EFSA, OIE, ECDC ) , in the nutrient safety sector in Spain by AESA/AESAN. Definitions For a Hazard to be at that place has to be a jeopardy, which needs to be identified in the first case. A jeopardy can be described as a state of affairs, or a status that can do harm or some sort of loss, to human existences, animate beings or the environment ( 2, Apx1 ) Hazard designation is a procedure or stairss that we take to allow us place possible menaces in a state of affairs. It is possible to associate a peculiar jeopardy to a possible hazard, but it ‘s non possible to place all the jeopardies. Hazard appraisal can be understood as the appraisal, qualitative A ; quantitative, of the hazard ensuing from the jeopardy. There are two chief procedures, qualitative and quantitative, that must be specific depending on the state of affairs. Risk direction is the application of the necessary steps to measure, proctor and take effectual control of the hazards, in order to minimise the possible negative impact of the development of this hazard ( 3 ) . Hazard communicating attempts to give a clear image about the hazard. This procedure requires a clear and open communicating between all the parties involved, ( stakeholders ) . This can merely be achieved if some necessities take topographic point: exchange of information, acknowledgment of the class and grasp of hazard, understanding the effects of options and make support for determinations. This can be achieved through meetings, treatments, interviews, web-blogs, Radio and Television. The undermentioned diagram shows the relationship between the three constituents of RA. ( 4, 5 ) ( 5 ) In Spain RA has become strategically of import in veterinary and carnal wellness ( 6 ) . It is now a common tool in veterinary public wellness and used by governmental organic structures that play a function in enforcing ordinances designed to protect animate beings or human wellness ( AESA, MARM, RASVE, SIR, etc. ) . In the veterinarian field RA can be conducted by two chief systems. They are based on two theoretical accounts, one adopted by the Office International des Epizooties ( OIE ) and the other used by the Codex Alimentarius. Under the umbrella of the FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the Codex Alimentarius Commission was produced in 1963 to make processs and regulations to modulate the pattern of nutrient criterions ( 7 ) . The RA system in the Codex has these chief points: Hazard Appraisal Hazard Management Hazard Communication These definitions can be found in the Procedural Manual ( 13th Edition ) of the Codex. ( 8 ) The system used by the OIE, in its Covello/Merkhofer Model, comprises of the undermentioned constituents ( Apx1 ) : Hazard Identification Hazard Appraisal Hazard Management Hazard Communication. The OIE defines Hazard designation as â€Å" the procedure of acknowledge the pathogenic cause which might potentially be conveying in to the merchandise considered for importing † . Hazard designation is an added constituent in this system. It is a procedure used to place jeopardies in a given state of affairs that ‘may present a alteration in hazard to animal or human wellness ‘ ( 9 ) . Hazard appraisal can be described as the appraisal of the chance and the biological and fiscal effects of entry, adjustment, or spread of an infective agent in the part of an importing state. ( 9 ) Risk direction is the method of identifying, taking and using steps that can be practical to cut down the threshold of hazard. ( 9 ) Hazard communicating is the all parts active interchange of information on hazard between hazard assessors, hazard directors and other involved parties. ( 9 ) The chief difference between the two systems is that the OIE has the jeopardy designation as a phase of the RA. The Codex system has the jeopardy designation as a portion of the hazard appraisal. ( FAO, 2004 ) ( 10 ) The Codex hazard appraisal phases: The OIE hazard appraisal phases: Hazard designation Release appraisal Hazard word picture Exposure appraisal Exposure appraisal Consequence appraisal Hazard word picture Risk estimation ( 11 ) . The perceptual experience about jeopardy differs between the Codex and the OIE. The Codex determines the relation between cause/effect and the badness of the possible effects. The chief point of the Codex is the designation of the jeopardy, which is measured by descriptive classs ; high, medium, low. The aim of the OIE is the possible pathogens, which represent a possible jeopardy in animate beings and animate being merchandises, and the direction of this hazard. The OIE emphasises the appraisal of the Risk release. In the OIE RA is strongly linked with the cost /benefit of the step to command this hazard. The Codex highlights the relationship dose/response with the exposure appraisal and defines this as ‘hazard word picture ‘ . The OIE takes into history any harmful consequence, whereas the Codex considers the consequence of the effect of the alteration in the dosage of the hazard, ( pathogen, toxin, or antibiotics residues ) . In Spain the OIE system is used by the governments to develop qualitative RA of the hazards at the debut of infect contagious diseases into Spain and the remainder of Europe from Morocco, Africa. You read "Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In this sort of analysis different parametric quantities are used: Prevalence of infection, volume of trade, capacity of the virus to last, the seasons and climatic conditions and potency for infection. The magnitude of the effects goes in manus with the chance of transmittal and spread. This is usually linked with costs and benefits of the determinations taken and the accordingly possible economic loss of no action. Normally RA takes topographic point during an eruption of carnal disease in counties near to their ain boundary lines. The quickest attack is a qualitative RA. The Codex is concerned about nutrient safety. The Programmes are designed to protect public wellness and to guarantee that moderately managed procedures in the nutrient trade are in topographic point and to advance harmonisation in nutrient criterions in the work undertaken by international governmental and private administrations. This analysis is usually quantitative. It uses different tools and methods, such as the ‘Monte Carlo ‘ methodological analysis. The information comes from different beginnings that are normally collated into a theoretical account to foretell prevalence and measure. This analysis takes into history the predictable exposures and other factors such consumer types, genders, wellness position etc. They include the consequence of the uncertainness and variableness in mathematical and probabilistic theoretical accounts developed by computing machines programmes. One illustration is the QRA of the impact on human wellness on opposition of Salmonella Enteriditis and S. Tiphimurium in domestic fowl merchandises and eggs. Here they investigate how the usage of antibiotic favors the emerging opposition in pathogens that could be transmitted to worlds and animate beings through the nutrient supply. ( 12 ) This quantitative survey gives a numeral value to the hazard, because sufficient informations is available ( 13, 14, and 15 ) . There are different types of RA: From Qualitative ( descriptive ) , semi- quantitative to quantitative RA ( deterministic/ stochastic ) . Qualitative RA is used in countries of the nutrient security, homo and animate being wellness services. For every jeopardy established, an estimated hazard is made on the badness of the likeliness of the jeopardy happening. However, the categorizations used are frequently unequal as the likeliness of a jeopardy to happen is ne’er precise. Besides, a chance database is non required, but at that place needs to be sufficient information that let us set up the likeliness and the consequence of the hazard job. This method can be subjective, which reduces its significance. The envisaged end is of import to transport out the appropriate activities that will take to the expected results. The Quantitative RA system, used in the Covello – Merkhofer Model, works with simulation modeling. The Monte Carlo simulation is a dependable tool, flexible, is simple to prove and to depict and the procedure of this theoretical account is under less influence to human error. However, this method is subjective because the distribution during the description of the information is selective. So there is a demand to look into it to avoid a wholly unrealistic consequence. The semi QRA is a clear attack for the effectual control of a scope of hazard issues. It is normally used in commercial undertakings. The SQRA produces an arithmetical hazard appraisal based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative informations. The job is that due to a deficiency of gettable informations, merely inordinate hazard will be avoided with this method. It is hence non to the full acknowledged worldwide. All these theoretical accounts need to be reviewed after the first phase of the appraisal has been carried out. In Spain, as in the remainder of EU, RA is utilised in a assortment of countries such as instruction, technology, scientific discipline, environment, private and public governmental bureaus ( wellness service, military, banking, trade, etc. ) . Spain has to follow a specific EU statute law in activities related to nutrient production. The usage of the ARICPC, Spanish version of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) , became mandatory by the Real Decreto 2207 in 1995, on 28 December. The Regulation ( EC ) No 852/2004 of the European Parliament and Council of 29 April 2004 are now really in force. HACCP is globally recognised as the most first-class system of guaranting merchandise preserve by commanding nutrient borne screen jeopardies. This statute law specifies the mandatory nature of the application of the hazard analysis of these sorts of procedures bearing in head the protection of the population. â€Å" The ( EC ) 178/2002, Article 6 ( Risk Analysis ) , Paragraph 1 provinces: â€Å" In order to accomplish the general aim of a high degree of protection of human wellness and life, nutrient jurisprudence shall be based on hazard analysis except where it is non appropriate to the fortunes or the nature of the step † ( 16 ) . In Spain the HACCP system is used by the regional authoritiess to modulate the nutrient industry in a wide spectrum of activities: Bakers, ice pick, piscary merchandises, dairy merchandises, meat and meat merchandises, pre-cooked repasts, H2O, preserved nutrient, beer, sugar, vino, oil, juice, veggies, eggs, catering, spirit, Sweets and pastries, butcheries, cutting workss, butcher stores, eating houses, java stores, bars etc. In all this activities there is a hazard to place, the hazard in nutrient or ‘agro nutrient ‘ hazards. There are nutritionary hazards, chemical hazards ( arsenic, nitrates, nitrites, Cd ) physical hazards ( temperatures, ionizing radiations ) , biological hazards ( Salmonellas, Campylobacter, E. Coli, C. Burnetii, TSE ) , pesticides, veterinarian drugs residues. The diagram below shows the residues from pharmaceutical production, from infirmaries, illegal drugs, Veterinary medical specialty usage, like antibiotics and steroids and farming activities ( pict1 ) . ( 17 ) Other countries, where RA is applied, are those derived from animate being diseases outbreaks. In March 2009 there was a high hazard that the Serotype 4 or the Bluetongue ( which had been eradicated from Spain ) could come back from the North of Africa because of the air current transporting the septic vector over. This was outlined in the last RA by Regional Veterinary service so they could take the necessary steps. By the Order ARM/575/2010, in all the South of Spain, all farm animal had to be vaccinated against the serotype 4 of Bluetongue, to halt the spread of the disease. Possible carnal wellness or animate being related human wellness jeopardies, that require RA, may include new or unusual infections in animate beings such as Bluetongue in the North European cowss, West Nile virus infection in Europe, or additions in endemic zoonotic diseases like Leishmaniasis, an infection caused by a protozoon parasite of the genus Leishmania ( 18 ) . Decision The sum of jeopardies both related to carnal diseases and nutrient safety signifier a long list. It is of import for the commanding organic structure, to place first which of the jeopardies are most likely to show an immediate menace. The undermentioned phase would be to explicate the right inquiry, which could be really simple and straightforward. For case: which hazards are you or your administration interested in? Is at that place a instance to make a Hazard Assessment? What result is expected? Zero hazard or acceptable hazard? The right inquiries will take to relevant information already made available. However, if the inquiries lack in timing and do n’t present the right definition of the hazard/s involved, and this is non sorted at an early phase, the undermentioned portion of the appraisal could be biased or wholly compromised. The whole information and information accessible will specify the tract that ‘s taken. If the jeopardy is a disease, it is of import to obtain a broad scope of information from different beginnings to derive an overall image of the jeopardy presented and the possible hazards estimated from the consequence of the rating of informations collated. This procedure is clip devouring, demands expertise, resources and fiscal backup. Financial and human resources are cardinal to avoid unreported wellness position. Developing states do n’t needfully hold the support and resources available to use the necessary systems efficaciously and rely strongly on outside support. By and large a deficiency of fundss stops the development of specializer colleges and establishments. â€Å" Prevention IS BETTER THAN CURE † â€Å" Adagiorum Collectanea † 1536, Erasmo de Rotterdam ( Roterdam, 1466/69 ) How to cite Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Ex Memo free essay sample

Subject: Improvement on written refusals I am writing today to provide all employees with some useful tips on how to compose a customer refusal letter. While the example letter to Mr. Largo is factual, there are some things that could be presented much better. Presentation of facts could determine if we are able to retain customers and reflect the credibility of the company. Some key elements that I want to focus on are: †¢ Tone †¢ Punctuation and Grammar †¢ Professionalism The best way to begin a refusal is by setting an apologetic tone. You do not want to point blame at the customer, even if you feel they are wrong. Show empathy, and see if you can help them in anyway possible. Remember when writing a refusal all that’s representing our company are the words on the page; so we must use correct grammar and punctuation. Thank you for your attention and your time. We will write a custom essay sample on Ex Memo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I encourage our department to utilize these factors when writing a refusal letter. I want all refusals emailed to me, before mailing them. If there are any questions, problems or concerns you can reach me by email ([emailprotected] com). MAIN STREET APPLIANCES 576 Main Street Gainesville, FL 33312 To: John Largo From: John Wright, Customer Relations Supervisor Date: July 20, 2009 Subject:$50 discount voucher Dear Mr. Largo, We apologize for not being able to grant your request for a replacement refrigerator. Main Street Appliances values you as a preferred customer, and would like to offer you a $50 discount voucher, to put towards a new refrigerator, with a 1year warranty. The voucher can only be used at the local Main Street location and expires on August 17, 2009. We apologize, again, for any inconvenience this issue may have caused. In the event that we may be of any further assistance, please call our customer service hotline (800-MAIN-STREET ext. 112) or by email ([emailprotected] com). Sincerely, John Wright Customer Service

Kemble Knight Essays - Sarah Kemble Knight, Knight, Kemble Family

Kemble Knight Sarah Kemble Knight. Journal. Group A: Our group found passages to support the idea that Knight was courageous. On the first day of their journey they encountered a thick swamp On the second day they crossed a river which greatly terrified knight. She goes on to say I now ralyed all the courage I was mistress of ... (now would seem like a good time for a woman from the city to call it quits!) On day three Knight can not cross the river because the water is too high at present so she stays at a little cottage. Knight says, this little Hutt was one of the wretchedest I ever saw a habitation for human creatures. Also on day three Knight says an Indian-like Animal come to the door. If knight is concerned about her safety she doesn't write about it. On December 21 they encounter a great storm of wind and snow. Winter probably wasn't a good time to take a road trip! Group B: By taking her journey, Sarah Kemble Knight proved her self-reliance and independence. Here are a few dates and instances that really stood out in our minds. Oct. 2nd- Knight bribes John to leave with her. Oct. 3rd- She begins to conquer her fear of drowning by crossing the water in a canoe. Oct. 4th- Knight survived the cruel treatment by Mr. Devills and his daughters. Dec. 21st- Knight makes it through illness without much distress. March 3rd- Knight shows her inner strength in that she could be away from her child for so long.

Free Essays on Dave Matthews Band

The Dave Matthews Band formed in Charlottesville, Virginia, in early 1991, when vocalist/guitarist Dave Matthews decided to put some songs he had written on tape. Instead of simply recording himself with a guitar, he opted to bring in some instrumental help to give his musical ideas more depth. Dave found assistance in drummer Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore, who were both accomplished jazz musicians in the local Charlottesville music scene. Based on the recommendation of distinguished local jazz guru John D’earth, 16-year-old musical prodigy Stefan Lessard came on board to play bass. Completing the band was keyboard player Peter Griesar, who left the band after a couple of years, as well as the talented and classically trained violinist, Boyd Tinsley. The first official gig for the newly conceived Dave Matthews Band was May 11, 1991, at a private rooftop party in Charlottesville. Its first public show was at the city’s 1991 Earth Day Festival. Local weekly gigs soon followed, and within a little time, word of the band’s contagious new sound spread like wildfire throughout the region. Clubs started to fill up, tours began to cover more territory, and the fan base grew at an incredible rate. On November 9, 1993, DMB released its first album, Remember Two Things, on its Bama Rags label. The album was recorded live at The Muse Music Club on Nantucket Island, in August of 1993. The album debuted on College charts as the highest independent entry, and went on to be certified gold by the RIAA a significant accomplishment for an independent album. Meanwhile, the band kept touring and its fan base continued to grow. By allowing fans to tape shows for their personal use, DMB created a highly interactive community that continues in spirit today. During the first part of 1994, Dave Matthews Band recorded its RCA debut, Under The Table and Dreaming. Just before the album’s release on September 27, 1994, Dave Matthews... Free Essays on Dave Matthews Band Free Essays on Dave Matthews Band The Dave Matthews Band formed in Charlottesville, Virginia, in early 1991, when vocalist/guitarist Dave Matthews decided to put some songs he had written on tape. Instead of simply recording himself with a guitar, he opted to bring in some instrumental help to give his musical ideas more depth. Dave found assistance in drummer Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore, who were both accomplished jazz musicians in the local Charlottesville music scene. Based on the recommendation of distinguished local jazz guru John D’earth, 16-year-old musical prodigy Stefan Lessard came on board to play bass. Completing the band was keyboard player Peter Griesar, who left the band after a couple of years, as well as the talented and classically trained violinist, Boyd Tinsley. The first official gig for the newly conceived Dave Matthews Band was May 11, 1991, at a private rooftop party in Charlottesville. Its first public show was at the city’s 1991 Earth Day Festival. Local weekly gigs soon followed, and within a little time, word of the band’s contagious new sound spread like wildfire throughout the region. Clubs started to fill up, tours began to cover more territory, and the fan base grew at an incredible rate. On November 9, 1993, DMB released its first album, Remember Two Things, on its Bama Rags label. The album was recorded live at The Muse Music Club on Nantucket Island, in August of 1993. The album debuted on College charts as the highest independent entry, and went on to be certified gold by the RIAA a significant accomplishment for an independent album. Meanwhile, the band kept touring and its fan base continued to grow. By allowing fans to tape shows for their personal use, DMB created a highly interactive community that continues in spirit today. During the first part of 1994, Dave Matthews Band recorded its RCA debut, Under The Table and Dreaming. Just before the album’s release on September 27, 1994, Dave Matthews...

Homeless Symposium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeless Symposium - Essay Example Poor people are not able to pay for housing, and the situation is caused by the increased lack of employment opportunities and a decline in public assistance. Inadequate housing facilities have led to homelessness, as the available housing is too expensive thereby becoming unaffordable to the low- income households. Most women have run away from domestic violence together with their children leading them to homeless housing. Many families have ended in homelessness because of lack of affordable health care. The elderly poor individuals have landed in homeless apartments as their health decline and lack of public assistance increases. Drug abuse especially among the youths has made it possible for them to run away to homelessness as the society acts against their behavior. Homelessness in Indiana has adversely affected families and children in substantial levels. The trends depicted in national levels are trickling down to the local levels. Indiana has been ranked 24th in the number of homeless children in the entire nation. Moreover, Indiana has the high rates on the child homelessness making it 29th in the national ranking according to the National Homeless data. According to the national homeless data, in Evansville and its surrounding areas, more than 400 people are homeless of who one third of them are children. In these locales, at least 120 families are homeless daily. During the census of 2000, Evansville and its environs recorded the highest percent of homeless individuals per capita as compared to the numbers in the Indian county. Access to care that provides financial assistance to the target group would prevent them from eviction and will bolster public assistance thus enabling people to live with others. Access to care will enable a person to afford a rent of $ 457 per month if his or her wage earnings are at 30% Area Meridian Income (AMI). In Evansville and its

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Why did the United States get involved in the war in Korea In what Term Paper

Why did the United States get involved in the war in Korea In what sense was it an outgrowth of the Cold War - Term Paper Example Cold War is a state of affairs between the former USSR and the USA which are at odds with each other except for the understanding that it is for the best interest of the world that they should avoid direct armed conflict. Instead, they just try to outdo one another in building their armaments and in expanding their allies. The enemy of the USSR became the automatic best friend of the US and vice versa. Whenever the USSR assists another country in the latter’s own conflict, the US immediately goes to the rescue of the enemy of the USSR allies. Stated otherwise, the cold war was a game of chess. The USSR and the US agreed to avoid direct armed fighting and just play chess instead. The world became the chessboard, the Kings were their own countries, the Queens were their atomic bombs, the other officials were their armies and the pawns were the smaller countries like the divided Korea and divided Vietnam among others. The general game plan was to propagate the capitalist-democratic ideology while containing the other’s communist-authoritarian regime. The player is willing to sacrifice his pawns and even officials just to secure the position of the King on the board. And in this game of chess, the North and South Koreas became the opening pawns. The USSR was at first not interested in Kim Il-Sung’s plan of invasion, in the same way that the US was already in the process of withdrawing its troops from South Korea. But when the communist north had crushed the capitalist south, the US executed its game plan and plunged itself into war. The US can never allow communism to gain more space in the world. The US got involved in the war in Korea in order to stop communism from spreading and to protect the capitalism’s position at the peninsula. The National Archives paper has so succinctly puts it, â€Å"Thus, when North Korean troops invaded the South, the Truman administration