Reflection of Nursing Student - 1449 Words

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL As a second year nursing student I felt mixed emotions of excitement and anxiety when I was thinking about my upcoming clinical placement because even though I have been working as a patient care assistant at Royal Darwin Hospital for a year and had already undergone clinical teaching block for one week . The responsibility of being a nurse is big and much complex than my current job [1.2 Fulfils the duty of care] especially when handling assigned patients. Thus, need to have a good supervision from my clinical preceptor to meet the best possible nursing care to my patient with in my scope of practice [2.5 Understands and practices within own scope of practice]. My four weeks of clinical placement was taken place in†¦show more content†¦My four weeks of clinical placement had thought me lots of things that can help me to become a better nurse in the future. I give my outmost respect and thanks to my clinical preceptors to the learning and knowledge they have imparted. I have learned a lot from clinical placement because 2B ward is a surgical unit I came to understand the complexity of wound care. Every wound should be assessed according to its type and severity because every type of wound has its appropriate dressing. Aside from learning clinical procedure such as wound dressing, drug administration (within scope of practice), naso-gastric feeding and etc, I came to learn the importance of teamwork it makes the job easier and allows good communication within staff members of the ward. I am looking forward for my upcoming clinical placement in 3rd year to gain more knowledge in and experience to develop my nursing skills and become a competent nurse in the future. REFERENCE: ANMC – see Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council 2005, National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse, Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, Victoria, viewed 4 November 2011, lt;http://www.capdivgp.com/content/Document/Practice%20Nurses/Competency_standards_RN.pdfgt;. Sample 2 In my placement as a second year student, most of my duties are focused on providing nursing care and general wardShow MoreRelatedReflections Of A Nursing Student926 Words   |  4 Pages Reflections of a Nursing Student Chibuzor Eronini University of Alberta â€Æ' Reflections of a Nursing Student The interdisciplinary course is an essential pre-requisite for after degree nursing students. As a final year nursing student, I believe this course will help me to acquire the skills necessary for inter-professional practice. Furthermore, I will be able to develop competencies necessary to provide patient-centered care. For my classroom experience, my team members and I have beenRead MoreNursing Reflection as a Student Nurse642 Words   |  3 Pagesa reflective account on an event that I, a student nurse encountered whilst on my second clinical placement in my first year of study. The event took place in a Fountain Nursing Home in Granite City. I have chosen to give thought to the event described in this essay as I feel that it highlights the need for nurses to have effective communication skills especially when treating patients that are suffering with a mental illness. Upon arriving to the Nursing home for the second time on Thursday NovemberRead MoreReflection: Nursing and Professional Student Nurse2071 Words   |  9 Pagesincident took place at a local Hospital during my thirty weeks placement. In order to help me with my reflection I have chosen Gibbs (1988), as the model to help guide my reflective process. 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Ethical Dilemma Of Man Versus Machines - 1242 Words

Ethical Dilemma Of Man Versus Machines The theoretical barrier that separates man from machine is fractured and weak, as it will not be long before this wall breaks down under the full force of the issue at hand. Biological engineering has the ability to rewrite the international economic gap as well as the ethics that the US military is built off of. As physically altered limbs may soon become the norm and prosthetics are no longer isolated to only the amputees but rather a luxury for only the rich who can afford these advancements. The future holds a military comprised of soldiers who feel less pain, run faster, think quicker, and see further, that can hold complete control over those nations who have not yet developed these†¦show more content†¦The possibility of legs that are faster and stronger than olympic athletes that show no fatigue despite the extreme stress placed on them. A soldier who is altered in this way may be that of 30 untrained soldiers in less developed areas. 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Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(89) " infect contagious diseases into Spain and the remainder of Europe from Morocco, Africa\." Pull offing hazard has become an of all time more increasing issue in every field. Its significance depends really much on the context that we are working in. In the veterinarian sector control systems have been developed to protect the wellness of animate beings to guaranty their safe ingestion. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now What they are and how they work in Spain will be discussed in this assignment. Hazard Analysis ( RA ) , what for? By and large by Risk we understand a state of affairs or action, which has different results, and about one of these is negative and poses a menace ( 1 ) . When menaces are identified, they are analysed and dealt with in order to cut down and eventually extinguish them. RA is a procedure or technique used to mensurate the consequence of unknown menaces. There are four phases to specify the RA system: jeopardy designation, hazard appraisal, hazard direction and hazard communicating. This technique is used by a wide diverseness of administrations, private and governmental 1s ( NATO, FAO, WHO, EFSA, OIE, ECDC ) , in the nutrient safety sector in Spain by AESA/AESAN. Definitions For a Hazard to be at that place has to be a jeopardy, which needs to be identified in the first case. A jeopardy can be described as a state of affairs, or a status that can do harm or some sort of loss, to human existences, animate beings or the environment ( 2, Apx1 ) Hazard designation is a procedure or stairss that we take to allow us place possible menaces in a state of affairs. It is possible to associate a peculiar jeopardy to a possible hazard, but it ‘s non possible to place all the jeopardies. Hazard appraisal can be understood as the appraisal, qualitative A ; quantitative, of the hazard ensuing from the jeopardy. There are two chief procedures, qualitative and quantitative, that must be specific depending on the state of affairs. Risk direction is the application of the necessary steps to measure, proctor and take effectual control of the hazards, in order to minimise the possible negative impact of the development of this hazard ( 3 ) . Hazard communicating attempts to give a clear image about the hazard. This procedure requires a clear and open communicating between all the parties involved, ( stakeholders ) . This can merely be achieved if some necessities take topographic point: exchange of information, acknowledgment of the class and grasp of hazard, understanding the effects of options and make support for determinations. This can be achieved through meetings, treatments, interviews, web-blogs, Radio and Television. The undermentioned diagram shows the relationship between the three constituents of RA. ( 4, 5 ) ( 5 ) In Spain RA has become strategically of import in veterinary and carnal wellness ( 6 ) . It is now a common tool in veterinary public wellness and used by governmental organic structures that play a function in enforcing ordinances designed to protect animate beings or human wellness ( AESA, MARM, RASVE, SIR, etc. ) . In the veterinarian field RA can be conducted by two chief systems. They are based on two theoretical accounts, one adopted by the Office International des Epizooties ( OIE ) and the other used by the Codex Alimentarius. Under the umbrella of the FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the Codex Alimentarius Commission was produced in 1963 to make processs and regulations to modulate the pattern of nutrient criterions ( 7 ) . The RA system in the Codex has these chief points: Hazard Appraisal Hazard Management Hazard Communication These definitions can be found in the Procedural Manual ( 13th Edition ) of the Codex. ( 8 ) The system used by the OIE, in its Covello/Merkhofer Model, comprises of the undermentioned constituents ( Apx1 ) : Hazard Identification Hazard Appraisal Hazard Management Hazard Communication. The OIE defines Hazard designation as â€Å" the procedure of acknowledge the pathogenic cause which might potentially be conveying in to the merchandise considered for importing † . Hazard designation is an added constituent in this system. It is a procedure used to place jeopardies in a given state of affairs that ‘may present a alteration in hazard to animal or human wellness ‘ ( 9 ) . Hazard appraisal can be described as the appraisal of the chance and the biological and fiscal effects of entry, adjustment, or spread of an infective agent in the part of an importing state. ( 9 ) Risk direction is the method of identifying, taking and using steps that can be practical to cut down the threshold of hazard. ( 9 ) Hazard communicating is the all parts active interchange of information on hazard between hazard assessors, hazard directors and other involved parties. ( 9 ) The chief difference between the two systems is that the OIE has the jeopardy designation as a phase of the RA. The Codex system has the jeopardy designation as a portion of the hazard appraisal. ( FAO, 2004 ) ( 10 ) The Codex hazard appraisal phases: The OIE hazard appraisal phases: Hazard designation Release appraisal Hazard word picture Exposure appraisal Exposure appraisal Consequence appraisal Hazard word picture Risk estimation ( 11 ) . The perceptual experience about jeopardy differs between the Codex and the OIE. The Codex determines the relation between cause/effect and the badness of the possible effects. The chief point of the Codex is the designation of the jeopardy, which is measured by descriptive classs ; high, medium, low. The aim of the OIE is the possible pathogens, which represent a possible jeopardy in animate beings and animate being merchandises, and the direction of this hazard. The OIE emphasises the appraisal of the Risk release. In the OIE RA is strongly linked with the cost /benefit of the step to command this hazard. The Codex highlights the relationship dose/response with the exposure appraisal and defines this as ‘hazard word picture ‘ . The OIE takes into history any harmful consequence, whereas the Codex considers the consequence of the effect of the alteration in the dosage of the hazard, ( pathogen, toxin, or antibiotics residues ) . In Spain the OIE system is used by the governments to develop qualitative RA of the hazards at the debut of infect contagious diseases into Spain and the remainder of Europe from Morocco, Africa. You read "Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In this sort of analysis different parametric quantities are used: Prevalence of infection, volume of trade, capacity of the virus to last, the seasons and climatic conditions and potency for infection. The magnitude of the effects goes in manus with the chance of transmittal and spread. This is usually linked with costs and benefits of the determinations taken and the accordingly possible economic loss of no action. Normally RA takes topographic point during an eruption of carnal disease in counties near to their ain boundary lines. The quickest attack is a qualitative RA. The Codex is concerned about nutrient safety. The Programmes are designed to protect public wellness and to guarantee that moderately managed procedures in the nutrient trade are in topographic point and to advance harmonisation in nutrient criterions in the work undertaken by international governmental and private administrations. This analysis is usually quantitative. It uses different tools and methods, such as the ‘Monte Carlo ‘ methodological analysis. The information comes from different beginnings that are normally collated into a theoretical account to foretell prevalence and measure. This analysis takes into history the predictable exposures and other factors such consumer types, genders, wellness position etc. They include the consequence of the uncertainness and variableness in mathematical and probabilistic theoretical accounts developed by computing machines programmes. One illustration is the QRA of the impact on human wellness on opposition of Salmonella Enteriditis and S. Tiphimurium in domestic fowl merchandises and eggs. Here they investigate how the usage of antibiotic favors the emerging opposition in pathogens that could be transmitted to worlds and animate beings through the nutrient supply. ( 12 ) This quantitative survey gives a numeral value to the hazard, because sufficient informations is available ( 13, 14, and 15 ) . There are different types of RA: From Qualitative ( descriptive ) , semi- quantitative to quantitative RA ( deterministic/ stochastic ) . Qualitative RA is used in countries of the nutrient security, homo and animate being wellness services. For every jeopardy established, an estimated hazard is made on the badness of the likeliness of the jeopardy happening. However, the categorizations used are frequently unequal as the likeliness of a jeopardy to happen is ne’er precise. Besides, a chance database is non required, but at that place needs to be sufficient information that let us set up the likeliness and the consequence of the hazard job. This method can be subjective, which reduces its significance. The envisaged end is of import to transport out the appropriate activities that will take to the expected results. The Quantitative RA system, used in the Covello – Merkhofer Model, works with simulation modeling. The Monte Carlo simulation is a dependable tool, flexible, is simple to prove and to depict and the procedure of this theoretical account is under less influence to human error. However, this method is subjective because the distribution during the description of the information is selective. So there is a demand to look into it to avoid a wholly unrealistic consequence. The semi QRA is a clear attack for the effectual control of a scope of hazard issues. It is normally used in commercial undertakings. The SQRA produces an arithmetical hazard appraisal based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative informations. The job is that due to a deficiency of gettable informations, merely inordinate hazard will be avoided with this method. It is hence non to the full acknowledged worldwide. All these theoretical accounts need to be reviewed after the first phase of the appraisal has been carried out. In Spain, as in the remainder of EU, RA is utilised in a assortment of countries such as instruction, technology, scientific discipline, environment, private and public governmental bureaus ( wellness service, military, banking, trade, etc. ) . Spain has to follow a specific EU statute law in activities related to nutrient production. The usage of the ARICPC, Spanish version of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) , became mandatory by the Real Decreto 2207 in 1995, on 28 December. The Regulation ( EC ) No 852/2004 of the European Parliament and Council of 29 April 2004 are now really in force. HACCP is globally recognised as the most first-class system of guaranting merchandise preserve by commanding nutrient borne screen jeopardies. This statute law specifies the mandatory nature of the application of the hazard analysis of these sorts of procedures bearing in head the protection of the population. â€Å" The ( EC ) 178/2002, Article 6 ( Risk Analysis ) , Paragraph 1 provinces: â€Å" In order to accomplish the general aim of a high degree of protection of human wellness and life, nutrient jurisprudence shall be based on hazard analysis except where it is non appropriate to the fortunes or the nature of the step † ( 16 ) . In Spain the HACCP system is used by the regional authoritiess to modulate the nutrient industry in a wide spectrum of activities: Bakers, ice pick, piscary merchandises, dairy merchandises, meat and meat merchandises, pre-cooked repasts, H2O, preserved nutrient, beer, sugar, vino, oil, juice, veggies, eggs, catering, spirit, Sweets and pastries, butcheries, cutting workss, butcher stores, eating houses, java stores, bars etc. In all this activities there is a hazard to place, the hazard in nutrient or ‘agro nutrient ‘ hazards. There are nutritionary hazards, chemical hazards ( arsenic, nitrates, nitrites, Cd ) physical hazards ( temperatures, ionizing radiations ) , biological hazards ( Salmonellas, Campylobacter, E. Coli, C. Burnetii, TSE ) , pesticides, veterinarian drugs residues. The diagram below shows the residues from pharmaceutical production, from infirmaries, illegal drugs, Veterinary medical specialty usage, like antibiotics and steroids and farming activities ( pict1 ) . ( 17 ) Other countries, where RA is applied, are those derived from animate being diseases outbreaks. In March 2009 there was a high hazard that the Serotype 4 or the Bluetongue ( which had been eradicated from Spain ) could come back from the North of Africa because of the air current transporting the septic vector over. This was outlined in the last RA by Regional Veterinary service so they could take the necessary steps. By the Order ARM/575/2010, in all the South of Spain, all farm animal had to be vaccinated against the serotype 4 of Bluetongue, to halt the spread of the disease. Possible carnal wellness or animate being related human wellness jeopardies, that require RA, may include new or unusual infections in animate beings such as Bluetongue in the North European cowss, West Nile virus infection in Europe, or additions in endemic zoonotic diseases like Leishmaniasis, an infection caused by a protozoon parasite of the genus Leishmania ( 18 ) . Decision The sum of jeopardies both related to carnal diseases and nutrient safety signifier a long list. It is of import for the commanding organic structure, to place first which of the jeopardies are most likely to show an immediate menace. The undermentioned phase would be to explicate the right inquiry, which could be really simple and straightforward. For case: which hazards are you or your administration interested in? Is at that place a instance to make a Hazard Assessment? What result is expected? Zero hazard or acceptable hazard? The right inquiries will take to relevant information already made available. However, if the inquiries lack in timing and do n’t present the right definition of the hazard/s involved, and this is non sorted at an early phase, the undermentioned portion of the appraisal could be biased or wholly compromised. The whole information and information accessible will specify the tract that ‘s taken. If the jeopardy is a disease, it is of import to obtain a broad scope of information from different beginnings to derive an overall image of the jeopardy presented and the possible hazards estimated from the consequence of the rating of informations collated. This procedure is clip devouring, demands expertise, resources and fiscal backup. Financial and human resources are cardinal to avoid unreported wellness position. Developing states do n’t needfully hold the support and resources available to use the necessary systems efficaciously and rely strongly on outside support. By and large a deficiency of fundss stops the development of specializer colleges and establishments. â€Å" Prevention IS BETTER THAN CURE † â€Å" Adagiorum Collectanea † 1536, Erasmo de Rotterdam ( Roterdam, 1466/69 ) How to cite Risk Management In Spain Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Ex Memo free essay sample

Subject: Improvement on written refusals I am writing today to provide all employees with some useful tips on how to compose a customer refusal letter. While the example letter to Mr. Largo is factual, there are some things that could be presented much better. Presentation of facts could determine if we are able to retain customers and reflect the credibility of the company. Some key elements that I want to focus on are: †¢ Tone †¢ Punctuation and Grammar †¢ Professionalism The best way to begin a refusal is by setting an apologetic tone. You do not want to point blame at the customer, even if you feel they are wrong. Show empathy, and see if you can help them in anyway possible. Remember when writing a refusal all that’s representing our company are the words on the page; so we must use correct grammar and punctuation. Thank you for your attention and your time. We will write a custom essay sample on Ex Memo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I encourage our department to utilize these factors when writing a refusal letter. I want all refusals emailed to me, before mailing them. If there are any questions, problems or concerns you can reach me by email ([emailprotected] com). MAIN STREET APPLIANCES 576 Main Street Gainesville, FL 33312 To: John Largo From: John Wright, Customer Relations Supervisor Date: July 20, 2009 Subject:$50 discount voucher Dear Mr. Largo, We apologize for not being able to grant your request for a replacement refrigerator. Main Street Appliances values you as a preferred customer, and would like to offer you a $50 discount voucher, to put towards a new refrigerator, with a 1year warranty. The voucher can only be used at the local Main Street location and expires on August 17, 2009. We apologize, again, for any inconvenience this issue may have caused. In the event that we may be of any further assistance, please call our customer service hotline (800-MAIN-STREET ext. 112) or by email ([emailprotected] com). Sincerely, John Wright Customer Service